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31. Pesticide tax, cropping patterns, and water quality in south
central Texas.
Shumway, C. R.; Chesser, R. R. 

J-agric-appl-econ v.26, p.224-240. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticides-; cropping-systems; water-quality;
water-supply; taxes-; economic-impact; demand-; groundwater-;
equations-; agricultural-production; texas-; ad-valorem-tax
Abstract: Abstract: The impact of an ad valorem pesticide tax on
cropping patterns and pesticide use was examined in the South
Central Texas Crop Reporting District. Output supply equations
were econometrically estimated and used in the simulation. A 25
percent tax on pesticide was estimated to have major impacts on
cropping patterns and on pesticide use. Assuming other input and
output prices were unaffected, the supply of one important crop
would fall by more than half. Demand for some of the highly
soluble and persistent pesticides, which present the greatest
threat to groundwater quality, would also decrease substantially
(some as much as 50 percent).
NAL Call No.: NALHD101.S6
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32. Point/nonpoint source trading of pollution abatement:
choosing the right trading ratio.
Malik, A. S.; Letson, D.; Crutchfield, S. R. 

Am-j-agric-econ v.75, p.959-967. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: pollution-control; law-enforcement; costs-;
water-quality; trading-; uncertainty-; mathematical-models;
ratios-; usa-; abatement-costs
Abstract: In programs for trading pollution abatement between
point and nonpoint sources, the trading ratiospecifies the
rate at which nonpoint source abatement can be substituted for
point sourceabatement.  The appropriate value of this ratio is
unclear because of qualitative differencesbetween the two
classes of sources.  To identify the optimal trading ratio, we
develop and analyzea model of point/nonpoint trading.  We find
the optimal trading ratio depends on the relativecosts of
enforcing point versus nonpoint reductions and on the uncertainty
associated with  nonpoint loadings.  The uncertainty does not
imply a lower bound for the optimal trading ratio.
NAL Call No.: NAL280.8-J822
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33. The potential for water market efficiency when instream flows
have value.
Griffin, R. C.; Hsu, S. H. 

Am-J-Agric-Econ v.75, p.292-303. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-allocation; markets-; water-use; efficiency-;
stream-flow; mathematical-models; demand-; right-of-access
Abstract: Most of the effort being expended to revise western
water policy concerns the maintenance of instream waters to the
exclusion of traditional diversionary interests. Absent from the
economics literature is a theoretical treatment addressing the
interface between diversionary and instream water uses. At issue
is the potential for refining market operations to accomplish
efficient allocation in the presence of both diversionary and
instream uses. Optimization methods are employed to examine this
issue in a highly generalized framework. If a specific structure
is adopted, markets and other incentive-based policies are
demonstrated to be capable of efficient water allocation.
NAL Call No.: NAL280.8-J822
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